The DC/DC converter is similar to the alternator. It charges the 12 volt battery by chopping voltage from the main battery pack, down to 13.5 volts. When you drive a combustion engine the alternator recharges the battery and kicks in extra current when you have lots of electrical items going (fan, lights). The DC-DC converter takes power from your main bank of batteries and gives some to the auxiliary battery if needed.
In other applications a converter could be used to change the input voltage to a different output voltage. Since DC current in more difficult to "convert voltages". AC current could simply use a "Transformer", DC current must use circuitry to accomplish this voltage conversion.
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